Journal: Cancer Research

Article Title: Integrative Multiomic Classification Reveals Distinct Origins and Evolutionary Trajectories of Thymic Epithelial Tumors

doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-24-4977

Figure Lengend Snippet: CN-type thymoma–specific IRS4 activation. A, Volcano plot showing differentially expressed genes between GTF2I-type and CN-type thymomas. The P values were calculated by a Student t test and adjusted with the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure. Known oncogenes (reported in COSMIC Cancer Gene Census) are highlighted in red. B, Box plot showing exclusive IRS4 expression in CN-type thymomas. The unit of the y -axis is TPM. The P values were calculated by the Wilcoxon test. C, Relationship between IRS4 expressions and IGF/PI3K/AKT cascade in CN-type tumors. IRS4 showed strong positive correlation with PI3K cascade score (REACT_976; top right), IGF receptor signaling pathway score (GO:0048009; top left), and their representative individual genes, such as IGFR1 (bottom left) and PIK3R1 (bottom right). Pearson correlation tests were conducted. D, Western blot results comparing IRS4 -overexpressed cells and control cells. Overexpression of IRS4 in HEK293T cells results in an increase of AKT and phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), implying activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. The activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway was sustained in a serum-free condition, which further supports the role of IRS4 in the pathway activation. E, Cell proliferation assay comparing IRS4 -overexpressed cells and control cells. Overexpression of IRS4 increases cell proliferation rate of HEK293T cells. F, Cell viability assay comparing IRS4 -overexpressed cells and control cells. Overexpression of IRS4 decreases response to OSI-906 (IGF1R inhibitor). G, Kaplan–Meier curves of recurrence-free survival showing worse prognosis of IRS4 -high CN-type thymomas (red) than GTF2I-type (blue) or IRS 4-low CN-type thymomas (orange). The median value of IRS4 expression (TPM = 30) separates CN-type thymomas into IRS4 -high or -low subgroups. The P values were calculated by the log-rank test. H, Percentage of TET cases harboring driver mutations ( HRAS , GTF2I , and CYLD ) or showing IRS4 activation in each histologic type.

Article Snippet: An insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) inhibitor, linsitinib (OSI-906), was purchased from Selleckchem.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Control, Over Expression, Proliferation Assay, Viability Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Maternal Bacillus probiotic regulates offspring growth and immunity via spleen IGF-1/mTOR and FOXO1/IL-10 pathways

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-38412-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serum levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in male S. albino mice offspring at postnatal day 28 following maternal Bacilli supplementation at different gestational stages. Data are presented as mean ± SE (n = 6 /group). Statistical comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Groups sharing different superscript letters differ significantly at p < 0.05. Abbs: GD0, gestation day 0; GD8, gestation day 8; GD16, gestation day 16.

Article Snippet: According to Baxter and Martin mechanism of analysis, serum IGF-1 (6 samples/group) levels were analyzed following the protocol of the manufacturer-specific mouse IGF-1 ELISA kit (Catalog No. CSB-E04581m, Detection range: 0.156–10 ng/mL and sensitivity: less than 0.151 ng/mL, CUSABIO Company, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Maternal Bacillus probiotic regulates offspring growth and immunity via spleen IGF-1/mTOR and FOXO1/IL-10 pathways

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-38412-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A–D ) Immunohistochemical staining of the IGF-1 and FOXO1 markers in spleen sections from male offspring of S. albino mice following probiotic supplementation. ( A ) The GD0 and GD8 groups exhibited increased IGF-1 expression (brown color) in the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS), germinal centers, marginal zones, and stromal cells of the red pulp compared to the control. ( B ) The FOXO1 marker exhibited strong nuclear staining (brown colour) in the control group, whereas all Bacillus-treated groups (GD0, GD8 and GD16) showed a faint nuclear FOXO1 expression. IHC splenic tissues were examined under light microscopy at × 200 magnification; scale bar = 100 µm. ( C and D ) graphs: The integrated density percentage analysis of immunostaining for IG-1 and FOXO 1, respectively; according to the statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Data are presented as mean ± SE; groups sharing different superscript letters differ significantly at p < 0.05. Abbs : IGF-1 , Insulin-like Growth Factor-1; GD0 , gestation day 0; GD8 , gestation day 8; GD16 , gestation day 16.

Article Snippet: According to Baxter and Martin mechanism of analysis, serum IGF-1 (6 samples/group) levels were analyzed following the protocol of the manufacturer-specific mouse IGF-1 ELISA kit (Catalog No. CSB-E04581m, Detection range: 0.156–10 ng/mL and sensitivity: less than 0.151 ng/mL, CUSABIO Company, USA).

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Expressing, Control, Marker, Light Microscopy, Immunostaining